Whisk together flour, sugar, baking powder, baking soda, and salt in a large bowl.
In a separate bowl, whisk buttermilk, eggs, melted butter, and vanilla extract until smooth.
Pour the wet ingredients into the dry ingredients and stir gently until just combined with small lumps remaining.
Heat a lightly greased griddle or nonstick pan over medium heat to 350°F / 175°C.
Pour 1/4 cup batter per pancake onto the griddle and cook for 2 to 3 minutes until bubbles form and edges look set.
Flip and cook for 1 to 2 minutes more until golden brown and cooked through.
Serve warm with butter and maple syrup.